Ethical Issues Raised by Data Mining Essay -- Databases Technology Com

Ethical Issues Raised by Data Mining Data mining is the practice of gathering data from various sources and manipulating it to provide richer information than any of contributing sources is able to do alone or to produce previously unknown information. Businesses and governments share information that they have collected with the purpose of cross-referencing it to find out more information about the people tracked in their databases. Data mining has many benefits. Stores are able to stock merchandise that better reflects what customers want. When Victoria’s Secret started tracking user purchases they noticed that customers in Miami bought much more white lingerie than customers in other areas. As a result they began stocking more white products instead of uniformly stocking all stores benefiting both the store and the customer[i]. Another benefit is that it allows companies to consolidate data from many different sources so that more time can be spent analyzing data than finding it in the first place. This is useful for companies that have multiple financial systems and spend a lot of time trying to combine data into a more useful format rather than doing the actual analysis of the data. A more dramatic example is that some say that 9/11 could have been prevented if the FBI had better data mining tools to share and combine information from different offices[ii]. In addition to crime prevention and f inancial analysis the medical research community can use these techniques in medical research to identify trends and causes of disease. Along with the numerous benefits data mining also has a downside. Combining data from various sources can result in revealing information people would consider private and woul... ...ade Commision, The Fair Credit Reporting Act (Washington, DC: GPO, 2004) 46. [xiv] Tavani, Herman T., â€Å"Privacy and the Internet† Ethics and Technology Conference, Boston, MA, 5 June 1999. (Boston College Intellectual Property Forum, 2000) http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/st_org/iptf/commentary/ [xv] D1 Consulting, Report on Double Click, 2003, University of Southern California, 7 June 2004 [xvi] Tavani, Herman T., â€Å"Privacy and the Internet† Ethics and Technology Conference, Boston, MA, 5 June 1999. (Boston College Intellectual Property Forum, 2000). [xvii]European Parliament, Official Journal of European Communities, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Brussels, Belgium: 2000) 10. [xviii] Federal Trade Commission, Privacy Online: A Report to Congress (Washington, DC: GPO, 1998) 3.

Molson Coors Case Study

A. Major classifications of an income statement are: †¢Income from continuing operations before tax †¢Discontinued operations (net of tax) †¢Net income from continuing operations †¢Other revenues and expenses †¢Operating income †¢Extraordinary items (net of tax) †¢Net income before extraordinary items †¢Net income †¢Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (net of tax) B. Companies various activities and transactions differ in stability and risks thereby indicating a need for information about various components of earnings.The requirement to provide classified income statements help users better assess the persistence of earnings and the risk related to various components of net income. Income statements may include non recurring items which should be considered in determining future earnings and or cash flows, moreover GAAP require separate disclosure of a number of these items, for instance discontinued operations, thereby gi ving a better picture of financial statements. C. In accounting, current income statements do not reflect future expectations.Part of the roles of accounting information is for evaluation and valuation. Persistent income of a company will affect the assumptions of future earnings and or cash flows, which will help to better project a company’s valuation. D. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) E. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) F. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) G. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) H. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) I. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) J. i. Non-operating items are the following: Interest expense-it is related to non-operating liabilities and Interest income- it is related to long-term loans. Debt extinguishment costs.Minority interest: the part of the net income destined to the minority owners is considered as non-operating. Discontinued operations. ii. 20072006 Interest expense(126462)(143070) Interest income2658716289 Debt extinguishment costs (24478) 0 Other income1766217736 Non-operating items (106691)(109045) Tax 28%(29873)(30533) Non-operating items after tax (76818)(78512) Discontinued operations (17682)(12525) Minority interest (15318)(16089) Total non-operating items (109818)(107126) iii. 20072006 Net income497192361031 Net expense 109818107126 NOPAT607010468157 K.Non-operating assets: current notes receivable Notes receivable Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations Non-operating liabilities: short term borrowing Current portion long-term debt Current liabilities of discontinued operations Long-term debt Derivative hedging instruments Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations k. ii. 20072006 Total assets 1345156611603413 Non-operating assets -194503229290 Operating assets 1325706311374123 Total liabilities 62854245739275 Non-operating liabilities -2907976-2523472 Operating liabilities33504483215803 Net operating assets 99066158158320L. (2007) : 607010/9906615 = 6. 13% (2006): 468157/8158320 = 5. 75% RNOA has increased from 2006 to 2007 but is is low compared to industry. m. Operating profit margin (2007) 607010/ 6190592= 9. 81% (2006) 468157/ 5844985 = 8. 01% Net operating asset turnover components (2007) 6190592/ 9906615 = 0. 625 (2006) 5844985/ 8158320 = 0. 716 The operating profit margin =9. 81 % that means that the company realized 9. 8 cents of operating profit this indicator have increased from 2006 to 2007even if the operating asset turnover has decreased. n. Non-persistent items:Debt extinguishment costs Other income (expenses) Loss from discontinued operations Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle o- i The effective tax rate is 0. 8% = 4186/534378 p. The following income statement shows persistent earnings. 2007 as reported Presistent Net sales $6,190,592 $6,190,592 Cost of goods sold (3,702,921) (3,702,921) Gross profit 2,487,671 2,487,671 Marketing, general and admin. (1,734,408) (1,734,408) Special items, net (112,194) (111,663) Operating income 641,069 641,600 Interest expense (126,462) (126,462)Interest income 26,587 26,5 87 Debt extinguishment costs (24,478) 0 Other income (expense), net 17,662 7,384 Total other expense (106,691) (92,491) Income before tax 534,378 549,109 Income tax expense (4,186) (153,751) Minority interests (15,318) (15,318) Income from continuing operations 514,874 380,040 Loss from discontinued operations (17,682) 0 Net income $497,192 $380,040 q. Persistent Interest expense $(126,462) Interest income 26,587 Other income / (expense) 7,384 Nonoperating items reported on a before-tax basis (92,491) Tax at marginal rate of 28% (25,897)Minority interest (15,316) Total nonoperating items $ (81,912) Persistent Net operating profit after tax $461,952 Net income Persistent income Return on net operating assets 6. 13% 4. 66%1 Net operating profit margin 9. 81% 7. 46%2 Net operating asset turnover 0. 625 0. 625 These numbers are mainly informative about the company’s future profitability. To use the numbers to evaluate management’s performance, we may include these one-time charges. But to use the number to value the firm, the persistent numbers are better predictors of future, expected profits.

Econ 1 - 1287 Words

Chapter 1 1. (Rational Self-Interest) Discuss the impact of rational self-interest on each of the following decisions: a. Whether to attend college full time or enter the workforce full time i. Individuals will consider the benefits of attending college full time and the expected cost of doing so. A benefit of attending college full time would be that it has the potential to increase their wage or salary because of increased knowledgebase, network and skills. The expected cost to consider includes tuition, fees, books and wages that could have been earned by working instead if attending school full time. If the expected benefits of attending college full time outweigh the cost, then the rational person would choose to†¦show more content†¦(Production Possibilities) Under what conditions would an economy be operating inside its PPF? On it’s PPF? Outside it’s PPF? m. An economy is operating inside its PPF if resources are idle or if resources are allocated ineffi ciently. n. An economy is considered operating on its PPF is all of its resources are employed efficiently. o. The economy can’t operate outside its PPF because that would represent combinations that are unattainable, given the technology and resources available. 7. (Specialization and Exchange) Explain how the specialization of labor can lead to increased productivity. p. The specialization if labor focuses work effort on a single task or particular product. Productivity is increased by taking advantage of individual’s preferences and natural abilities. Workers have the opportunity to gain experience at particular tasks and reduce the need to shift between different tasks. It also has the potential to introduce laborsaving machinery. 8. What are your future plans? Do you think learning economics will play an important role in achieving your goals in the near future? Briefly discuss. q. 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